Culture and customs Culture
21 February 2012Culture and customs Culture The evolution of this culture Air Jordan is particularly reflected in the finished the highest level of the ancient city of Lijiang, after the 1996 earthquake and the consequent rapid development of the tourism industry, the Chinese Yunnan dialect gradual replacement of the Naxi spoken to become the dominant language of the ancient city communities, and the young Naxi couples also began to educate their children in Chinese. In the ancient city of Lijiang, Naxi spoken before 1990 is a default of the social communication tool, even if Chinese children in school education, but the Naxi family, and Naxi juvenile, but had to communicate with the Naxi language. Booming tourism industry in 1996 to bring confidence to the people of Lijiang Naxi spoken Chinese dialect instead of commercially driven to Lijiang (ancient city), communication tools, which makes the traditional Naxi culture of the future is even more severe. But with playing hop songs, Naxi net, East Basset Nikkei, etc. Naxi songs popular in the ancient city, which means the return of the Naxi local culture trend emerging. Gender customs Patriarchal society like today's Han, Naxi family in Lijiang dam area mostly by men in charge, with the Lugu Lake Mosuo women in patriarchal different, Naxi women bear heavier than Han women in the household and social obligations . The plant flowers in aviculture in the Old Town of Lijiang, the 40-year-old man is very common, this gives the Naxi too meet the status quo and not move forward impression fact, in addition to master outside the home, and Lijiang traditional business economic rather than handicraft economy. Naxi women are not only responsible for the household, but also to support the family in the ancient city of the original Square Street markets, surgeon-butcher the vast majority of middle-aged women, while men in the side of the money to watch. In the 1980s, Prada Sale "South China Morning Post" reporter to see this scene in front of the ancient city of Guan that come to the Naxi community remains the conclusion of the matrilineal legacy. Before the 1253 Mongol conquest of Lijiang, the Naxi in Lijiang and Lugu Lake Mosuo is a matriarchal society, tend to the wood of the Central Plains Han culture's gradually Naxi families affected by the Han patriarchy after 1253, 1723 Han flow Officer to replace the wood's family rule Lijiang, a large number of Han Chinese values, including the norms of a patriarchal society and the parents arranged the marriage system has become popular, Naxi women not only lost a grasp on the family, at the same time as free love and sexual freedom was Confucian Han system of conflict, the Naxi girls love dead has risen sharply, and some private set for life men and women across the Jinsha River moved to the Mosuo community, looking for the love of freedom. Naxi young men and women born after the 1970s, no longer comply with the traditional values that they and the younger generation of the continent, from the influx of culture in the West for the free spirit of Naxi ancestors once owned. Religion Naxi in history have believed in Buddhism, Lamaism, Daoism, but with a different way of life by the religious influence national, the Naxi not believe to a particular religion. , Even in the old Naxi people in Lijiang, it is difficult to find the very devout believer. Dongba Naxi ancient, primitive religion, but it is more rich elitist rather than a civilian religious. Lijiang language Spoken Naxi is the main language of the Naxi community of Lijiang and dam area in the Old Town of Lijiang, the Han Chinese of Yunnan dialect (also known as Yunnan) is the most widely used language, but in the ancient city of Naxi family Naxi spoken among family members Lijiang, the younger generation can speak Mandarin, some young people engaged in tourism can speak very fluent English. some of the older generation Naxi old man had received the Western church school Nike Air Max for basic education, in the streets of Old Town of Lijiang also to the folks and foreigners use English freely exchange is not a miracle, Lijiang the celebrity Xuan Ke is more is fluent in English so that foreigners amazed. Naxi spoken Chinese dialects in the commercially driven alternative Lijiang (ancient city), communication tools, which makes traditional Naxi culture of the future is even more severe. However, with the playing hop songs, Naxi net, East Basset Nikkei Naxi language song swept the city, means that the trend of regression of the Naxi local culture [Gehm goddess mountains of the small village fell into the water] Gehm goddess mountains of falling into the water village Rise. Writing Naxi pictograph about over 2200, compared with a strong picture-text characteristics and to the word, as a matter, or issue, or an Italian, but find the beauty of different pictures of vivid, but being to the beginning of simple strokes. material, the outline of the intended expression. Should be simple, but also a word with a word to distinguish. Naxi a phonetic text, a total of over 2400 symbols, most of the repeat variant, used more than 500 words, this word just Dongba master, a small amount of Dongba scriptures written with a phonetic word . Song and dance performances Dongba dance Dongba dance from ancient the Naxi rhetoric of social life, a lot of action is to simulate the movements of various animals, the image is very vivid. Dongba dance is an important part Cheap Timberland Boots of the Dongba culture and Dongba scriptures have dedicated account of the dance spectrum of Dongba dance dance textbook and dance origins. Lishui Jinsha Large-scale folk dance Poetry and Lishui Jinsha choose to take the Lijiang all ethnic groups most representative cultural image in the form of poetry and painting of the dance performance, another bright spot for the Old Town of Lijiang attract tourists. Lishui Jinsha form of dance poetry and painting, a blend of northwest Yunnan plateau Lijiang odd mountains, water, gave birth to the unique national culture meteorological, cultural treasures of the ancient Jedi Korea's Gu Naxi Kingdom, choose to take the cultural image of all ethnic groups most representative of Lijiang show Lijiang unique and broad national culture and national spirit. Naxi ancient music Naxi music, in addition to widely spread in the community of Sycamore and the three combined temperature Maida, "A hot," more than three dance "tune, there are large classical music; Baisha fine music >; and Lijiang Ancient Music> Musical Instruments flute, clarinet, Reed Flute, two yellow, nanhu, Hu, Tai Hu, Su Gudu, three-stringed lute, pipa, zheng, Joseph, gongs, wooden point, the bell, conch, drum, suona, trombone, cymbals, Lusheng and harps, etc., of which there are a lot of incoming from the Mainland. 2010, Lijiang City, Yunnan Province, the ancient city district "Naxi Baisha fine music, selected for the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage, traditional music project category, serial number 12. Impression Lijiang "Impression Lijiang" Full points "Trail Caravan", "wine, snow-capped mountains, heaven and earth, playing hop group song," "encouraged Heaven" and "ritual" of six parts. The whole performance to snow-capped mountains as the background, as the carrier of folk culture, starred Actor effort by 500 from 10 ethnic minorities. 500 farmers from 10 Naxi, Yi, Pumi, Tibetan, Miao minority "Impression Cheap Prada Lijiang Snow Mountain chapter of the protagonist, their home is the 16 villages of Yunnan Lijiang, Dali and other . In a series of live performance of "Impression Lijiang", and so-called theme and story, but to express a personalized experience of the three director of Lijiang, the first part of "Snow Mountain" is a dialogue with the mountain, the performance of people came to Lijiang from all directions, and experience the close relationship of life and nature; the second part of the people climbing the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, traveled the ancient city of Lijiang, in order to dialogue with the living; the third part of the ancient city papers "will be a dialogue with the ancestors, in the dialogue found through the ages in the hearts of the people, there is always a divine kingdom. Ticket price: 190 yuan, performance time: one and a half hours Music "Baisha Fine Music" also known as Baisha fine pear "or" Do not honoraria. "The whole song is divided into" sequence "and" a book "think twice Drainage beautiful white clouds" princess cry "" The Lark dance Barefoot Dance "" Southern Drama "Northern Song", "lychee flower" "Crying heaven and other movement of the bow and arrow dance. music came in. There are two versions. First, according to legend Kublai Nanzheng Dali Guo Lijiang by the Naxi clan chiefs wheat good welcome, and assist him to conquer the neighboring regions. parting Kublai part of the band and some of the movement to give as a memento of wheat good. Kublai Khan returned to Beijing after ascending the throne, had inquiries band, Jimmy Liang will be sent to an undetermined name Nike Trainers of a movement. Kublai Khan replied that this movement is called a book. "a book" is the performance of bidding farewell to the feelings of attachment. another legend of the Ming Dynasty wooden King wanted to annex the Passionflower people live in the region, the first daughter to marry the Passionflower Prince, and again after her back to Lijiang, planning the killing of Passionflower Prince. The daughter kept informed about its parent intention to write a letter set to follow the dog around the neck, put it back to inform the prince. Prince of troops to attack the wood King, but in the measure of the ambush, died at White Sands. Wood King put her daughter off in Yuhu of Longting in alive, tortured to death, "a book" and "the princess cried," these two movements is the description of it. Although the reason of the music and legend to explain different but its theme is the performance of people is tragic and intense, lingering Wei wan, sad and moving the inner feelings, and thus, some of which movement was later used in the funeral when playing a custom music. "Baisha Fine Music" chapter are intrinsically linked, but can be independent playing. think twice Drainage "and the beautiful white clouds." Skylark Dance "lyrics and dancers," look before drainage canals named by the white sand, the performance of the Naxi Yulong under repair drainage, irrigation, harvest labor hymn; "beautiful white clouds are filled with the breath of life of the plateau. playing the farmers of this set of music to the national costume, namely header Pa, wearing a gown, thin belt, rich in ethnic flavor. Baisha Murals Ming and Qing temple murals, is the famous "Lijiang fresco," or "Baisha Murals Ming Dynasty Lord of economic prosperity, the crystallization of The Naxi absorption of other cultures, the development of the national culture. Distribution of these murals in Baisha, Dayan Town, beam river, sea, Waterfront West, snow Song and other towns and villages in more than 10 at the temple, out next to Cheap Coach Copper Coin gradually produced. According to the Naxi calligraphy and painting and the Swiss research Shuhe big sleep six frescoes of the Palace of the existing main hall of the West wall, Taoism, Buddhism, co-products, for the handwriting of Han Chinese painter, a pen is fine and smooth, distinctive character, vivid and natural; Baisha Maharatnakuta palace frescoes, is considered to be the center of Lijiang mural ", preserved complete in the 12 block murals, Taoism, Buddhism, God, Buddha, Tantric Buddha Lamaism, and Han, Tibetan the inscription, the Han, Tibetan, Naxi painter in the production, to take a realistic approach to break through the limitations of religious themes, reflecting the Naxi society at that time some of the production and living conditions, such as music and dance, slaughter pigs, wood, textile, fishing, blacksmith, wood cutting, and officials, servants, criminals, executioners, travel, etc. The portraits of others such as Mercedes-Benz horse, peacock spreading its wings, blooming lotus, peony, camellia, plum, etc., are also very vivid White sand is located in the city of Lijiang NATO 10 km north Yulong Snow Mountain, south Longquan, according to West Shibayama is an ancient and beautiful town, the first settlements of the Naxi in Lijiang Dam, Lijiang is also the birthplace of the Chieftain Naxi earliest political center. The Ming Dynasty, Lijiang Chieftain coincided with the heyday of political stability, economic prosperity, to display their rich, all his camp palace, built a number of large-scale buildings. The existing white sand glass temple, large Maharatnakuta Palace and calmed Court, and other temples are built in the period. In the collections of the Ming Dynasty murals, precious relics, is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Maharatnakuta Palace existing murals 558, Lijiang, where most of the mural collection. Mural financial Han, Tibetan, Naxi culture as a whole, all the religions in one, showing the life stories of Tibetan Buddhism and Confucianism, Taoism, etc.. Baisha Murals eclectic, unique religion, culture and art schools. Careful layout of drawing, a pen rigorous, rich and beautiful colors, accurate modeling and realistic characters, obviously learned a Dongba painting rough, Cheap Coach Sale strong contrasting colors, uniform lines, strokes and the purification and so on. The subject matter involved in the Lijiang murals, gallop a horse, blooming flowers, the forest fields, flowers, birds, fruits, vegetables and other natural scenery has portrayed these paintings clearly show the artist's keen observation and involvement in the world of thoughts and feelings. Mural depicting religious figures, religion is the refractive index into the aesthetic thinking of the portrait artists, or hidden or performance of the social life. According to historical records, the Dabao plot Palace Lijiang murals, draw in succession in the early Ming to the Qing calendar period of 300 years of time to complete. Soil prefect of Mu-Wang hired Ma Xiaotian, led by a group of Han Chinese painter, in addition to the Tibetan and Bai painters Dongba disciples, Taoism disciples also participated in the drawing of the mural. Baisha murals its distinctive art of painting styles and precious historical and cultural connotation, attracted domestic and foreign tourists, daily sightseeing those who come to this. Naxi building Naxi houses most of the civil engineering structures, the more common form of the following: three Zhaobi Square, Courtyard patio, courtyard, and entered both houses of several forms. Square screen wall in the Lijiang Naxi houses the most basic, the most common form of residential. Structurally, the higher is generally the main building of a Square, direction south, the face of the screen wall. Main residence for the elderly; east and west side is slightly lower, live by Xiabei; patio for life, mostly paved with brick, often to the flowers and beautify. If the housing of the street, and residents as the pavement. Rural Zhaobi Square residential and urban function is slightly different. Generally speaking, two layers of three Square, to live in a Cheap Nike ShoesSquare of the east of the main building and south wing Square, downstairs, upstairs for storage, the north [Lijiang building] Lijiang building A Square downstairs when the livestock stables, upstairs Storage forage. Patio addition to the outside for life, but also and for the production (such as drying the grain of millet or processing) used, so the patio is slightly larger in rural areas, ground smooth, do not brick paved. In addition, the Naxi houses the most significant feature is that both urban and rural areas, and everyone in front of the house has a large Ha child (that is, outside the gallery). Ha child Naxi houses one of the most important component, which is inseparable from the climate of Lijiang. Thus the Naxi people as part of the room functions such as eating, visiting and moved to the building yard. In architectural design, architectural style and art, Dayan Naxi houses the most unique. The ancient city is located in Lijiang dam site north Xiangshan, King Rainbow mountains, west of Lion Rock, something both sides of the bright and vast. City, the Yuquan water outflow from the Xiangshan foothills northwest of the ancient city of turbulence to the Yulong Bridge and is divided into the River, River, three tributaries of the East River, and then divided into numerous shares tributaries flow through the various streets within the ancient city. Edit this paragraph Yongning Mosuo Vernacular Architecture The Mosuo people living in Ninglang banks of Lugu Lake, a long time, the Mosuo people Yishanbangshui door, the houses are for the wood structure, mouth barrier made of the walls of cut logs at both ends cut by the cutting through the skin, commonly known as the Mu Lengfang roof cover, commonly known as the housing board. The Mosuo people build a house on board with special skills, does not leak a drop of rain. For Three Square, a screen wall or courtyard housing in general, divided into the main house, hall or rooms, dormitory also Beggar floor, gatehouse, also known as a grass floor. The main house for the family group activities, the rules of procedure, and cooking and Air Jordans places of worship. Rooms or by the Church House, Lama housing or for the Buddha, the upstairs downstairs living single men or housing for the guests. Dormitory or spend building, primarily for women to live. Gatehouse put grass on the downstairs door on both sides of the livestock stables. Mosuo the door of the house, usually open toward the east or north. Its wells homes, weddings and funerals, held in homes in the well. House complex structure, and set the folder wall behind the house, storing food, and as the elderly living room, the house right side of the housewives living room. Is inside the house, set up a corner of the stove, a shrine in the a stove entry angle, the above place the statues, offerings, and vases. The bottom set of high-stove fireplace, fireplace the right is the Theme, the left is class, not chaos. The room has two large pillars of the left column right column. Left column for the male column, right column for the female column. The Mosuo people in the cut of these two columns must be a tree, on top of a The Lijiang Cuisines (4) Section for the left column, a foundation for the right column. Cheng Ding ceremony is held, the men held in the left margin, the woman held in the right retrofitting. It can be seen from the above description, the Mosuo people's housing building structure and religious beliefs, marriage patterns and family organizations to adapt, has a unique national style. Naxi, Mosuo traditional dress Lijiang culture in 1723 after the Qing Dynasty Chieftain policy, has become a complex of a Naxi culture and Han culture. White, compared to the Jinsha River West Bank Zhongdian (Naxi Dongba birthplace) of the Naxi and the Jinsha River East Lugu Lake Mosuo people of the region the Lijiang dam area of the Naxi community more affected by the impact of the Han nationality culture and assimilation gradually accelerate this process of assimilation in the 1996 earthquake and the subsequent development of tourism. Such a cultural identity affect all aspects of the Lijiang Naxi community life, such as clothing, Naxi man early in this century half of the already abandoned the T-shirt, knee shorts, traditional costumes and wearing Chinese clothing, ancient city of Lijiang today of the Naxi older women's clothing is based on the full service improved the results (the sheepskin, the MOONWALK and apron retains the traditional characteristics), birthplace) to teach in white, Zhongdian (Naxi Dongba Naxi rent clothing more pure, the Lugu Lake Mosuo people dressed in Tibetan clothing close to the Naxi women born in After Cheap Nike Shoes Lijiang, World War II, mostly not wear traditional clothing. Festival Three section The three festival is the the Naxi biggest traditional festival, when the ancient music played long Lijiang urban and rural areas, the Naxi people singing and dancing, but also with a pot to Lashihai scenic place to picnic, in order to celebrate the festival. Time: February eighth day Torch Festival Description: the most fun in Lijiang Ancient Town, Naxi ancient regulations a series to be three days of the Torch Festival, points three nights of the torch. A day in front of the main points of a pillar as thick and large fire, the young people in the stockade, all of them holding a thin, small torch, along the ridge, mountain, Life on a String, until late at night. Torches burning the more prosperous, more auspicious, the more people happy. Time: lunar calendar every year in June the 25th to 27 Lijiang Bai Mt section] The Lijiang Bai Mt festival Mira will be Description: Milla, also known as "Bang Bang", Yunnan Lijiang Naxi traditional festivals, the festival this day, people flock carrying the bridle, cages, plow, rake, bucket, hoe and other kinds of wooden farm tools Dayan Town, Lijiang Naxi Autonomous transactions. Time: May 15 Mt's Day Description: Mt Festival is the most important festival of the Lugu Lake Mosuo people, also known as Mt Mosuo person turn the mountain section of the monastery section. According to legend, the ancestors of the Mosuo people is born on this day. During the holiday season, the Mosuo people wear the most beautiful national costumes, worship goddess, dance, archery, make Assia and other various activities. Time: July 25 Lunar

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